Decomposing a problem factors it to simple problem in such a way that each sub problem is at the same level of detail, can be solved independently and the solution to the subproblems can be combined to solve the original sub problem. It is very hard to manage the large and complex problem, so, dividing the problems into smaller number of modules and working on them independently can help us achieve our goals. ĭecomposition is the design technique that manages the abstractions and creates the component that can be developed effectively. Both of them can implement an abstraction in the simple way without complex method but object are extensible and abstract data type are easier to verify. Therefore, hiding the information prevents the program from being corrupted and reduces bugs and errors.Ībstraction has two different forms which are called object and Abstract Data Types (ADT). The hidden portion generally consists of the very important information that could be damaged by the programmer due to misunderstanding and carelessness. As a result of which it is possible for the class creators to change their hidden requirements without worrying about its impact to the programmer. In this case, the objective of a group of person who are responsible for creating the classes is to expose only those classes that are necessary for the programmers and keep everything else hidden. Pengertian program data independence software#Lets us take an example: Consider a project that contains the group of persons who are responsible for creating the class and the other group of programmers who develop the software application through the use of those collections of classes. Also, the data abstraction is the essential characteristic that allows the program –data independence and program operation independence. Pengertian program data independence code#This is an important feature to be considered while constructing the high quality program as it provides us with an ability to modify our implemented code without breaking the code of others who use it and also contributes to toward the maintainability, extensibility and flexibility to our code.ĭata abstraction is the design technique that focuses on the essential features without including the implementation details. The best example of an encapsulation is a class that encapsulates the features such as method and instance variables within itself and can only be accessed by creating the object of that class. It provides the layer of security around manipulated data and protects it from the external interference and misuse. This paper is an attempt to describe some essential features of an object oriented programming language that can contribute in the construction of a high quality program and highlight their importance in the context of software engineering.Įncapsulation is the mechanism of combining the code and the data and manipulating it into the single unit. However, the lack of organization, consistency, flexibility and deeper understanding of the problems in a program result in the short life and failure of the software projects. Rosy Upreti, SWE 619, George Mason the growing globalization in software development, there are large numbers of programs that have been designed to address the demand of the clients. "Our goal is to help programmers construct program of high quality - programs that reliable, efficient, and reasonably easy to understand, modify, and maintain."
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